In general, the Pali canon describes vedanā in terms of three "modes" and six "classes." Some discourses discuss alternate enumerations including up to 108 kinds.
Three modes, six classes
| Hình 1: Kinh Sáu Sáu trong Kinh điển Pali: |
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| | lục nhập |
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thọ
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ái
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| | sáu
"nội"
xứ | <–> | sáu
"ngoại"
xứ | |
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| ↓ | ↓ |
| ↓ | xúc |
| ↓ | ↑ |
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thức
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- Sáu nội xứ (sáu căn) là mắt, tai,
mũi, lưỡi, thân & ý. - Sáu ngoại xứ (sáu trần) là sắc,
thanh, hương, vị, xúc & pháp (dhamma). - Sáu thức sinh khởi dựa trên
6 nội xứ và 6 ngoại xứ. - Xúc là sự gặp gỡ của căn, trần và thức.
- Thọ phụ thuộc vào xúc.
- Ái phụ thuộc vào thọ.
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| Nguồn: MN 148 (Thanissaro, 1998) Chi tiết bản mẫu này |
Throughout canonical discourses (Sutta Pitaka), the Buddha teaches that there are three modes of vedanā:
- pleasant (sukhā)
- unpleasant (dukkhā)
- neither pleasant nor unpleasant (adukkham-asukhā, "ambivalent", sometimes referred to as "neutral" in translation)[9]
Elsewhere in the Pali canon it is stated that there are six classes of vedanā, corresponding to sensations arising from contact (Skt: sparśa; Pali: phassa) between an internal sense organ (āyatana; that is, the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body or mind), an external sense object and the associated consciousness (Skt.: vijnana; Pali: viññāna). (See Figure 1.) In other words:
- feeling arising from the contact of eye, visible form and eye-consciousness
- feeling arising from the contact of ear, sound and ear-consciousness
- feeling arising from the contact of nose, smell and nose-consciousness
- feeling arising from the contact of tongue, taste and tongue-consciousness
- feeling arising from the contact of body, touch and body-consciousness
- feeling arising from the contact of mind (mano), thoughts (dhamma) and mind-consciousness[10]
Two, three, five, six, 18, 36, 108 kinds
In a few discourses, a multitude of kinds of vedana are alluded to ranging from two to 108, as follows:
- two kinds of feeling: physical and mental
- three kinds: pleasant, painful, neutral
- five kinds: physical pleasant, physical painful, mental pleasant, mental painful, equanimous
- six kinds: one for each sense faculty (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind)
- 18 kinds: explorations of the aforementioned three mental kinds of feelings (mental pleasant, mental painful, equanimous) each in terms of each of the aforementioned six sense faculties
- 36 kinds: the aforementioned 18 kinds of feeling for the householder and the aforementioned 18 kinds for the renunciate
- 108 kinds: the aforementioned 36 kinds for the past, for the present and for the future[11]
In the wider Pali literature, of the above enumerations, the post-canonical Visuddhimagga highlights the five types of vedanā: physical pleasure (sukha); physical displeasure (dukkha); mental happiness (somanassa); mental unhappiness (domanassa); and, equanimity (upekkhā).[12]
